There is a plaque on the wall of the site of the Parkesine Works in Hackney, London. Pictures of Parkesine are held by the Plastics Historical Society of London. The Parkesine company ceased trading in 1868. Parkesine was made from cellulose treated with nitric acid and a solvent. The introduction of Parkesine is generally regarded as the birth of the plastics industry. Later Parkes showcased Parkesine at the 1862 International Exhibition in London, where he was awarded a bronze medal for his efforts. Parkes patented it as a clothing waterproofer for woven fabrics in the same year. Parkes patented his discovery as Parkesine in 1862 after realising a solid residue remained after evaporation of the solvent from photographic collodion. The first celluloid as a bulk material for forming objects was made in 1855 in Birmingham, England, by Alexander Parkes, who was never able to see his invention reach full fruition, after his firm went bankrupt due to scale-up costs. Collodion, invented in 1848 and used as a wound dressing and an emulsion for photographic plates, is dried to a celluloid like film.
Nitrocellulose-based plastics slightly predate celluloid.
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